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Clindamycin is used in cases of suspected toxic shock syndrome, [35] often in combination with a bactericidal agent such as vancomycin. The rationale for this approach is a presumed synergy between vancomycin, which causes the death of the bacteria by breakdown of the cell wall, and clindamycin, which is a powerful inhibitor of toxin synthesis
Pregnancy also causes the body to hold onto excess fluids and swell, says Badgett. Water retention may also be a symptom of hypothyroidism. Medications. Certain medications can cause or worsen ...
For women with PID of mild to moderate severity, parenteral and oral therapies appear to be effective. [36] [37] It does not matter to their short- or long-term outcome whether antibiotics are administered to them as inpatients or outpatients. [38] Typical regimens include cefoxitin or cefotetan plus doxycycline, and clindamycin plus gentamicin.
As of now, the actual cause of water retention remains unclear. It was noted that there is no correlation to serum levels of progesterone or estradiol according to actual data, [ 6 ] but it is thought to be caused by hormone changes during the menstrual cycle through high levels of circulating progesterone , estrogen , and prolactin , which ...
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Intramuscular administration of lincosamides results in strong absorption, with peak plasma levels being reached in 1–2 hours. Around 90% of clindamycin is bound to plasma proteins, and is generally more stable and rapidly absorbed than lincomycin. [20] Lincosamides have a broad distribution in several tissues, excluding cerebrospinal fluid.
Sodium reabsorption also causes water retention. [8] [9] When the kidneys detect low blood pressure, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated and eventually, aldosterone is secreted. Aldosterone binds to aldosterone receptors (mineralocorticoid receptors) increasing sodium reabsorption in an effort to increase blood ...
Water retention can refer to: Water retention (medicine), an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the circulatory system or within the tissues or cavities of the body Edema, an abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body; Premenstrual water retention, a common phenomenon associated with the menstrual cycle