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Electroless nickel-boron plating developed as a variant of the similar nickel-phosphorus process, discovered accidentally by Charles Adolphe Wurtz in 1844. [2]In 1969, Harold Edward Bellis from DuPont filed a patent for a general class of electroless plating processes using sodium borohydride, dimethylamine borane, or sodium hypophosphite, in the presence of thallium salts, thus producing a ...
The main ingredients of an electroless nickel plating bath are source of nickel cations Ni 2+, usually nickel sulfate and a suitable reducing agent, such as hypophosphite H 2 PO − 2 or borohydride BH − 4. [1] With hypophosphite, the main reaction that produces the nickel plating yields orthophosphite H 2 PO − 3, elemental phosphorus ...
It consists of an electroless nickel plating, covered with a thin layer of gold, which protects the nickel from oxidation. The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. Some of the nickel is oxidized to Ni 2+ while the gold is reduced to metallic state.
Electroless deposition is advantageous in comparison to PVD, CVD, and electroplating deposition methods because it can be performed at ambient conditions. [2] [6] The plating method for Ni-P, Ni-Au, Ni-B, and Cu baths are distinct; however, the processes involve the same approach. The electroless deposition process is defined by four steps: [2 ...
Upstate New York is a geographic region of New York that lies north and northwest of the New York City metropolitan area of downstate New York. [1] [2] Upstate includes the middle and upper Hudson Valley, the Capital District, the Mohawk Valley region, Central New York, the Southern Tier, the Finger Lakes region, Western New York, and the North Country.
An NYPD officer claims in a lawsuit that his supervisor retaliated against him after he found a liquor bottle in the back seat of her car and reported the discovery to internal affairs.