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Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, [1] [2] causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. [3]
Calcinosis is the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue. [1] It is a rare condition that has many different causes. These range from infection and injury to systemic diseases like kidney failure .
Calcinosis cutis is an uncommon condition marked by calcium buildup in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Calcinosis cutis can range in intensity from little nodules in one area of the body to huge, crippling lesions affecting a vast portion of the body. [1]
A review of 128 cases by T.S.P. Tien found that the mean age at diagnosis of women with lithopedia was 55 years, with the oldest being 100 years old. The lithopedion was carried for an average of 22 years, and in several cases, the women became pregnant a second time and gave birth to children without incident.
Growth and remodeling have a major role in the cause of some common soft tissue diseases, like arterial stenosis and aneurisms [13] [14] and any soft tissue fibrosis. Other instance of tissue remodeling is the thickening of the cardiac muscle in response to the growth of blood pressure detected by the arterial wall.
Ectopic calcification is a pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues or bone growth in soft tissues. This can be a symptom of hyperphosphatemia . Formation of osseous tissue in soft tissues such as the lungs, eyes, arteries, or other organs is known as ectopic calcification , dystrophic calcification , or ectopic ossification .
Fibroblasts that are acting like chondrocytes can deposit calcium into the soft tissues as they do in bone. Calcification in the tendons is a common component of tendinopathy. The calcification consists of tendinitis is caused by deposits of calcium phosphate crystals in the tendon. [ 1 ]
In contrast, dystrophic calcification is caused by abnormalities or degeneration of tissues [2] [3] resulting in mineral deposition, though blood levels of calcium remain normal. These differences in pathology also mean that metastatic calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification ...