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  2. Bivector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivector

    [2] [3] In layman terms, any surface defines the same bivector if it is parallel to the same plane (same attitude), has the same area, and same orientation (see figure). Bivectors are generated by the exterior product on vectors: given two vectors a and b, their exterior product a ∧ b is a bivector, as is any sum of bivectors. Not all ...

  3. Bilinear form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_form

    In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map V × V → K on a vector space V (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function B : V × V → K that is linear in each argument separately: B(u + v, w) = B(u, w) + B(v, w) and B(λu, v) = λB(u, v)

  4. Bivector (complex) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivector_(complex)

    The commutator product of this Lie algebra is just twice the cross product on R 3, for instance, [i,j] = ij − ji = 2k, which is twice i × j. As Shaw wrote in 1970: As Shaw wrote in 1970: Now it is well known that the Lie algebra of the homogeneous Lorentz group can be considered to be that of bivectors under commutation.

  5. Triple product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_product

    In geometry and algebra, the triple product is a product of three 3-dimensional vectors, usually Euclidean vectors.The name "triple product" is used for two different products, the scalar-valued scalar triple product and, less often, the vector-valued vector triple product.

  6. Covariance and contravariance of vectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    e 1, e 2, e 3 to the coordinate curves (left), dual basis, covector basis, or reciprocal basis e 1, e 2, e 3 to coordinate surfaces (right), in 3-d general curvilinear coordinates (q 1, q 2, q 3), a tuple of numbers to define a point in a position space. Note the basis and cobasis coincide only when the basis is orthonormal. [1] [specify]

  7. Universal geometric algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_geometric_algebra

    Some r-vectors are scalars (r = 0), vectors (r = 1) and bivectors (r = 2). One may generate a finite-dimensional GA by choosing a unit pseudoscalar (I). The set of all vectors that satisfy = is a vector space. The geometric product of the vectors in this vector space then defines the GA, of which I is a member.

  8. System of bilinear equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_bilinear_equations

    More precisely, given two sets of variables represented as coordinate vectors x and y, then each equation of the system can be written =, where, i is an integer whose value ranges from 1 to the number of equations, each is a matrix, and each is a real number.

  9. Bifurcation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifurcation_theory

    Phase portrait showing saddle-node bifurcation. Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations.