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Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth upon them. [11]The month was Tishrei.The feast of tabernacles began on the fourteenth day of the month, and ended on the twenty-second, "all which time mourning had been forbidden, as contrary to the nature of the feast, which was to be kept with joy".
The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC), [5] Nehemiah was cup-bearer to the king. [6] Learning that the remnant of Jews in Judah were in distress and that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king for permission to return and rebuild the city, [7] around 13 years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in ca. 458 BC. [8]
Nehemiah was passionate for the glory of God, so even while driven by empathy, before he formulated any plan, his first response was to pray to God. [16] Eight times in his prayer, Nehemiah uses the term servant to refer himself, the Jewish people or Moses, also to begin and to close his prayer, showing his 'reverential submission' to God. [17]
[29] In the New Testament, Jesus went into the desert to fast and pray for forty days and forty nights; it was during this time that Satan tried to tempt him (cf. Matthew 4:1–3). [27] The forty day and night fasts of Moses, Elijah, and Jesus prepared them for their work, and their examples were foundational to the establishment of Lent. [26] [28]
The prophet Jonah appears in 2 Kings aka 4 Kings and is therefore thought to have been active around 786–746 BC. [15] A possible scenario which facilitated the acceptance of Jonah's preaching to the Ninevites is that the reign of Ashur-dan III saw a plague break out in 765 BC, revolt from 763-759 BC and another plague at the end of the revolt.
Nehemiah was considered to have been a member of the Great Assembly. [18] Since Nehemiah himself was a member, Samuel b. Marta, a pupil of Rav, quoted a phrase used by Nehemiah in his prayer (1:7) as originating with his colleagues. [19] Ezra was, of course, one of the members, and, according to Nehemiah 8, he was even regarded as the leader.
In Luke's (Luke 4:1–13) and Matthew's (Matthew 4:1–11) accounts, the order of the three temptations differ; no explanation as to why the order differs has been generally accepted. Matthew, Luke and Mark make clear that the Spirit has led Jesus into the desert. Fasting traditionally presaged a great spiritual struggle. [26]
Jesus in this verse assumes that his followers will continue to fast, just as they give alms and pray. [2] Although it is commented in Matthew 9 that Jesus and his disciples did not fast ( Matthew 9:14 ), Jesus explains why fasting hasn't occurred during His ministry but will continue after ( Matthew 9:14 ).