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An artesian well is a well that brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock or sediment known as an aquifer. [1] When trapped water in an aquifer is surrounded by layers of impermeable rock or clay, which apply positive pressure to the water, it is known as an artesian aquifer . [ 1 ]
In oil or gas well drilling, lost circulation [1] [2] [3] occurs when drilling fluid, known commonly as "mud", flows into one or more geological formations instead of returning up the annulus. Lost circulation can be a serious problem during the drilling of an oil well or gas well .
Groundwater can be considered one of the last free resources, as anyone who can afford to drill can usually draw up merely according to their ability to pump (depending on local regulations). However, as seen in the figure, pumping-induced draw down causes a depression of the groundwater surface around the production well. This can ultimately ...
Ludowici Well, Ludowici, Georgia; Maka Yusota, Savage, Minnesota; McConnell Springs Park, Lexington, Kentucky; Olympia Brewery, Olympia, Washington (see Olympia Brewing Company#Use of artesian water) Polk Theater well, Lakeland, Florida; possibly used in the loop of the first air conditioning system in America; Pryor Avenue Iron Well, Milwaukee ...
In confined aquifers , the cone of depression is a reduction in the pressure head surrounding the pumped well. When a well is pumped, the water level in the well is lowered. By lowering this water level, a gradient occurs between the water in the surrounding aquifer and the water in the well. Because water flows from high to low water levels or ...
This is the most common method of a contingency well kill. If there is a sudden need to kill a well quickly, without the time for rigging up for circulation, the more blunt instrument of bullheading may be used. This involves simply pumping the kill fluid directly down the well bore, forcing the well bore fluids back into the reservoir. This ...