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The Chams (Cham: ꨌꩌ, چام, cam), or Champa people (Cham: ꨂꨣꩃ ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, اوراڠ چمڤا, Urang Campa; [8] Vietnamese: Người Chăm or Người Chàm; Khmer: ជនជាតិចាម, Chônchéatĕ Cham), are an Austronesian ethnic group in Southeast Asia and are the original inhabitants of central Vietnam and coastal Cambodia before the arrival of the Cambodians and ...
The Chams of the ancient Champa kingdoms along the south-central coast of Vietnam originally practiced Hinduism. Today, the Central Chams of Vietnam consistof two groups: the Balamon Chams, who practice an indigenized form of Hinduism, and the Bani Chams, who practice and indigenized form of Islam. [60]
Bani Chams or Bani Awal are Cham Muslims in Central Vietnam that converted to a version of localized Shi'a Islam mixed with Hindu-Chamic customs, as the faith started making headway among the population after the 10th century CE. [178] The term "Bani" derived from Arabic term "bani" (بني) which means "people".
Many Chams believed that the Vietnamese government would never allow any official researches over the Cham history in fear of possible uprising against Vietnamese rule by the Cham population. [11] However, due to the small size of Cham population today, it often meets with strong counter-argument from the Vietnamese side.
However, in Vietnam, Hindu Chams who are known as Balamon Chams who make the minority of the Chams in Vietnam. [6] Hindu Chams are called Balamon Cham or Balamon Hindu. [7] They practice a form of Shaivite Hinduism. [8] [better source needed] [9] [10] The exact number of Balamon Cham Hindus in Vietnam are not published in Government census, but ...
Today, the Chams are recognized as one of official 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam. [160] Ethnic Chams in the Mekong Delta have also been economically marginalized and pushed into poverty by Vietnamese policies, with ethnic Vietnamese Kinh settling on majority Cham land with state support, and religious practices of minorities have been targeted ...
Cham H'roi women traditional costume from Phú Yên province at the Vietnam National Museum in Hanoi.. The Haroi people in Phú Yên and Bình Định provinces have long-standing cultural traditions, including traditional cuisine, music, and costumes.
The Cham now are simply seen as one among 54 ethnic groups that constitute Vietnam's contrived 'greater Vietnamese family' rather than being acknowledged as indigenous. Constructing images of ethnoreligious peace and partnership are VCP's main objectives in their ethnic interests. Cham irredentism or separatism are virtually nonexistent.