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The Chams (Cham: ꨌꩌ, چام, cam), or Champa people (Cham: ꨂꨣꩃ ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, اوراڠ چمڤا, Urang Campa; [8] Vietnamese: Người Chăm or Người Chàm; Khmer: ជនជាតិចាម, Chônchéatĕ Cham), are an Austronesian ethnic group in Southeast Asia and are the original inhabitants of central Vietnam and coastal Cambodia before the arrival of the Cambodians and ...
The Cham–Vietnamese Wars were a series of wars and conflicts between various Vietnamese dynasties and of Champa that led to a total annexation of Champa by the Vietnamese, starting with the 10th-century wars between the two states, and ended with recent 20th-century ethnic conflicts.
A Philosophy of War. Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-183-8. Nakamura, Rie (1999). Cham in Vietnam: Dynamics of Ethnicity. Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle: Unpublished PhD dissertation. Nakamura, Rie (2000). "The Coming of Islam to Champa". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 73 (1): 55 ...
Many Cham sculptures and valuable artifacts were destroyed during the Vietnam War due to bombing, others were either illegally looted or smuggled by private collectors, most famously Douglas Latchford, whose collections are now under investigation by the US Justice Department. Other museums with collections of Cham art include the following:
The history of Champa begins in prehistory with the migration of the ancestors of the Cham people to mainland Southeast Asia and the founding of their Indianized maritime kingdom based in what is now central Vietnam in the early centuries AD, and ends when the final vestiges of the kingdom were annexed and absorbed by Vietnam in 1832.
Cham are an ethnic minority of Vietnam and Cambodia, and a small number of them came to the United States as refugees fleeing the Cambodian genocide. The main Cham populations in the United States are located in Orange County, California , Portland , and Seattle .
The mutual struggle against the Mongol Yuan dynasty in the 13th century brought Đại Việt and Champa, formerly hostile states, close together.In 1306, Đại Việt retired emperor Trần Nhân Tông (r. 1278–1293) married off his daughter, Princess Huyen Tran (Queen Paramecvari), to king Chế Mân [note 1] (r. 1288–1307) of Champa as a confirmation of their alliance.
Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War of 982 or Cham–Vietnamese War of 982 was a military expedition launched by Vietnamese King Lê Hoàn of Đại Việt against King Jaya Paramesvaravarman I of Champa in 982. It resulted in the defeat of the Cham forces and the death of Paramesvaravarman I in battle.