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John Widdup Berry is a psychologist known for his work in two areas: ecological and cultural influences on behavior; and the adaptation of immigrants and indigenous peoples following intercultural contact. [2]
Schumann later sought to extend the acculturation model by assessing contemporary cognitive models for second language acquisition, including Barry McLaughlin’s cognitive theory, Evelyn Hatch and B. Hawkins’ experiential approach, Ellen Bialystok and Ellen Bouchard Ryan’s model of knowledge and control dimensions, John R. Anderson’s ...
Attitudes towards acculturation, and thus the range of acculturation strategies available, have not been consistent over time. For example, for most of American history, policies and attitudes have been based around established ethnic hierarchies with an expectation of one-way assimilation for predominantly White European immigrants . [ 27 ]
According to Berry, [14] the fact that integration was the most widely preferred mode of acculturation in his studies suggests that pluralism [where a state expects immigrants will adopt the public values of the host country (democratic ideals and criminal codes) but has mandate defining private values] may constitute the ideology that best ...
The acculturation gap in language can cause conflict between members of an immigrant family. The parents use their native language more so than the primary language of their new environment. [ 3 ] The child, depending on the age of the child during immigration, is more likely to assume the local primary language as their own.
Two definitions of the field include: "the scientific study of human behavior and its transmission, taking into account the ways in which behaviors are shaped and influenced by social and cultural forces" [8] and "the empirical study of members of various cultural groups who have had different experiences that lead to predictable and significant differences in behavior". [9]
The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence is a broadly utilized model for teaching and studying intercultural competence, especially within the nursing profession. Employing a method of the model incorporates ideas about cultures, persons, healthcare and health professional into a distinct and extensive evaluation instrument used to establish and evaluate cultural competence in healthcare.
The first outline of her theory was found in an article titled, "Toward an Interactive Theory of Communication - Acculturation", [4] leading to a complete rendition of the theory in Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation: An Integrative Theory, [1] which was further refined and updated with Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of ...