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A common device to enhance car safety is the collapsible steering column. This is designed to collapse in the event of a collision to protect the driver from harm. The column can collapse after impact with a tolerance ring inserted between the inner shaft of the steering column and the external housing.
ESC intervenes only when it detects a probable loss of steering control, such as when the vehicle is not going where the driver is steering. [29] This may happen, for example, when skidding during emergency evasive swerves, understeer or oversteer during poorly judged turns on slippery roads, or hydroplaning .
Tolerance rings are used in a number of mechanisms throughout the automotive powertrain and steering systems, as well as the car interior and exterior. [5] Their torque limiting and overload capabilities allow them to be used as simple clutch devices in several applications, such as the automatic tailgate motor [6] and the collapsible steering column.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and Highway Loss Data Institute (IIHS-HLDI) is an American nonprofit organization.It was established in 1959, and it is noted for its safety reviews of vehicles in various simulated traffic situations, including the effectiveness of a vehicle's structural integrity and safety systems during a collision, in addition to examining improvement on such ...
In the world, there are nine New Car Assessment Programs. [2] Eight out of the nine test programs makes their vehicle safety ratings with a count of stars included in the range (1 to 5 stars). One test program, IIHS, makes a four level rating: Good, Acceptable, Marginal and Poor. [3]
[2] [7] [8] In further contrast with VSC, VDIM can also calibrate driver steering input according to vehicle speed, with active steering and throttle adjustments to improve ride quality and directional control during performance driving, such as in slalom courses. [5]
The BMW active steering system consists principally of a power-assisted rack and pinion steering gear, a double planetary gear system in the steering column, and an electric actuating motor. [ 1 ] The double planetary gear system incorporates an input sun gear connected to the driver’s steering wheel, two planetary gears, an output sun gear ...
In spite of this development, steering column mounted hand throttles remained common, especially in mass-produced cars such as the Ford Model T. [7] Later cars used both a foot pedal and a hand lever to set the minimum throttle. The 1918 Stutz Bearcat had a central throttle pedal with the clutch and brake to the right and left. [8]