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Around 2–3 centimetres (0.8–1.2 in) in length, [3] it is the lower narrower part of the uterus continuous above with the broader upper part—or body—of the uterus. [4] The lower end of the cervix bulges through the anterior wall of the vagina, and is referred to as the vaginal portion of cervix (or ectocervix) while the rest of the ...
The cervical canal is generally lined by "endocervical mucosa" which consists of a single layer of mucinous columnar epithelium. However, after menopause, the functional squamocolumnar junction moves into the cervical canal, and hence the distal part of the cervical canal may be lined by stratified squamous epithelium (conforming to a "type 3 transformation zone").
It functions as a lighted binocular or monocular microscope to magnify the view of the cervix, vagina, and vulvar surface. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Low magnification (2× to 6×) may be used to obtain a general impression of the surface architecture. 8× to 25× magnification are utilized to evaluate the vagina and cervix.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Endocervical curettage is a medical procedure used to extract cells of the endocervix to visualize under a microscope. Direct cervical visualization, colposcopy, and even endocervical colposcopy are not enough to fully analyze all areas of the endocervical epithelium and thus endocervical curettage is the method of choice in cases where this is necessary.
The FDA Compliant disposable SoftBiopsy can be used to biopsy the exocervix and lower genital tract during colposcopy or when a suspicious lesion is detected. Unlike the “sharp edge” biopsy design of gynecological biopsy devices, the SoftBiopsy design is intended to gently frictionally abrade and collect abundant trans-epithelial tissue ...
Symptoms depend on whether the cervical canal is partially or completely obstructed and on the patient's menopausal status. Pre-menopausal patients may have a build up of blood inside the uterus which may cause infection, sporadic bleeding, or pelvic pain.
A cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix. [2] Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester, however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity – a so-called cervico-isthmic pregnancy – it may continue longer. [3]