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Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), also known as indole-3-aldehyde and 3-formylindole, is a metabolite of dietary L-tryptophan which is synthesized by human gastrointestinal bacteria, particularly species of the Lactobacillus genus.
Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
In addition to the light- or H 2 O 2-induced formation of FICZ, a number of other enzymatic pathways have been identified to convert Trp to FICZ via the precursor I3A. [2] [3] Oxidative deamination of Trp by aromatic amino acid aminotransferases (ArAT) or L-amino oxidases (LAAO), one of which is the IL4-inducible enzyme IL4I1, converts Trp to indole-3-pyruvate, which after decarboxylation ...
Indole-3-carboxylate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.92) is an enzyme with systematic name indole-3-carboxylate carboxy-lyase. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction. indole-3-carboxylate indole + CO 2. This enzyme is activated by Zn 2+, Mn 2+ or Mg 2+.
The first one consists of the degradation of the amino acid into indole-3-acetate. And in the second step, IAD catalyzes the decarboxylation of the indole-3-acetate to form the final product, skatole. The decarboxylation of indole-3-acetate is chemically difficult since it leaves an unstable carbanion because of the direct elimination of CO 2.
The enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.74) catalyzes the chemical reaction. 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO 2. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.
L. maculans metabolizes brassinin, an important phytoalexin produced by Brassica species, into indole-3-carboxaldehyde and indole-3-carboxylic acid. Virulent isolates proceed through the (3-indolylmethyl)dithiocarbamate S -oxide intermediate, [ 31 ] while avirulent isolates first convert brassinin to N -acetyl-3-indolylmethylamine and 3 ...
Indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAL) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. These are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. It is a metabolite of tryptamine formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO).