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Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Sundowning, or sundown syndrome, [1] is a neurological phenomenon wherein people with delirium or some form of dementia experience increased confusion and restlessness beginning in the late afternoon and early evening.
POCD is common in adult patients of all ages at hospital discharge after major noncardiac surgery, but only the elderly (aged 60 years or older) are at significant risk for long-term cognitive problems. Patients with POCD are at an increased risk of death in the first year after surgery. [9]
This is associated with a doubled risk of mortality [5] during hospital admission. For every one day of delirium, there is a 10% increased risk of death. [6] Medically induced comas that achieve a RASS level of −4 or −5 are an independent predictor of death. [7]
Delirium is a condition that has hyperactive and hypoactive stages. In the hypoactive stages, elderly patients can just seem like they are sleeping or irritable. [15] Hospital staff often overlook these symptoms which leads to decreased cognitive ability and PTSD from the hospital environment. [16] The issue here is that the elderly often lack ...
Some elderly people may find it hard to describe their symptoms in words, especially if the disease is causing confusion, or if they have cognitive impairment. Delirium in the elderly may be caused by a minor problem such as constipation or by something as serious and life-threatening as a heart attack. Many of these problems are treatable, if ...
More severe symptoms may include seizures, and delirium tremens (DTs); which can be fatal in untreated patients. [1] Symptoms start at around 6 hours after the last drink. [2] Peak incidence of seizures occurs at 24 to 36 hours [5] and peak incidence of delirium tremens is at 48 to 72 hours. [6]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 3 February 2025. The following is a list of mental disorders as defined at any point by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A mental disorder, also known as a mental illness, mental health condition, or psychiatric ...