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An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. [1] In addition, pregnenolone is biologically active in its own right, acting as a ...
Anabolic steroid § Comparison of AAS; Template:Relative affinities of estrogens for steroid hormone receptors and blood proteins; Template:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ; Template:Pharmacodynamics of progestogens
The steroid hormones are referred to by various abbreviations in the biological literature. The purpose of this list is to give commonly used abbreviations for steroid hormones, with supporting references to the literature.
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD-11β or 11β-HSD) enzymes catalyze the conversion of inert 11 keto-products to active cortisol, or vice versa, [1] thus regulating the access of glucocorticoids to the steroid receptors. The human genome encodes two distinct HSD-11β isozymes (HSD-11β Type 1 and HSD-11β Type 2) on distinct genes.
Addition of substituents at the C16 position can convert the steroid into an antiandrogen. Examples: oxendolone, metogest. Attachment of esters at the C3 and/or C17β hydroxyl groups confers increased lipophilicity and hence depot activity when administered in oil via intramuscular injection.
Most esters of these corticosteroids are not included in this list; for esters, see here instead. The most common structural modifications in synthetic corticosteroids include 1(2)-dehydrogenation, 6α-, 9α-, 16α-, and 16β-substitution (with a halogen or methyl group), 16α,17α-acetonidation, and 17α- and 21-esterification.
Steroid numbering. Steroid reductases. 5α-Reductase (1, 2, 3) – androgen and neurosteroid synthesis, progestogen metabolism; 5β-Reductase – androgen and progestogen metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis; Conjugation (and deconjugation) Glucuronosyltransferase – steroid metabolism [6] Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis [7]