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Cement clinker is a solid material produced in the manufacture of portland cement as an intermediary product. Clinker occurs as lumps or nodules, usually 3 millimetres (0.12 in) to 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in diameter.
Clinker often forms a loose, dark deposit consisting of waste materials such as coke, coal, slag, charcoal, and grit. Clinker often has a glassy look to it, usually because of the formation of molten silica compounds during processing. Clinker generally is much denser than coke, and, unlike coke, generally contains too little carbon to be of ...
Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates, (3 CaO·SiO 2, and 2 CaO·SiO 2), the remainder consisting of aluminium- and iron-containing clinker phases and other compounds.
One reason why the carbon emissions are so high is because cement has to be heated to very high temperatures in order for clinker to form. A major culprit of this is alite (Ca 3 SiO 5), a mineral in concrete that cures within hours of pouring and is therefore responsible for much of its initial strength. However, alite also has to be heated to ...
Clinker bricks used to form family initials on the Jan Van Hoesen House, a 1700s Dutch house in upstate New York. Clinker brick closeup of bricks in the so-called Clinker building on Barrow street in Greenwich Village, New York City. Clinker is sometimes spelled "klinker" which is the contemporary Dutch word for the brick.
Portland cement clinker was first made (in 1825) in a modified form of the traditional static lime kiln. [2] [3] [4] The basic, egg-cup shaped lime kiln was provided with a conical or beehive shaped extension to increase draught and thus obtain the higher temperature needed to make cement clinker.
The hardness of clinker is important for the energy cost of the grinding process. It depends both on the clinker's mineral composition and its thermal history. The easiest-ground clinker mineral is alite , so high-alite clinkers reduce grinding costs, although they are more expensive to make in the kiln.
It is important for many civil and geotechnical engineers to know the angle of repose to avoid structural and natural disasters. As a result, the application of retaining walls can help to retain soil so that the angle of repose is not exceeded. [11] The angle of repose and the stability of a slope are impacted by climatic and non-climatic factors.