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Blood quantum laws or Indian blood laws are laws that define Native Americans in the United States status by fractions of Native American ancestry. These laws were enacted by the federal government and state governments as a way to establish legally defined racial population groups .
[5] [6] Additionally, non-Native census takers introduced the idea of Blood Quantum, a concept previously foreign to the tribal communities. [7] Those recording this percentage of ancestry wrote down an estimation, based on physical appearance and personal opinion if the individual was present. [5] [6]
Tribal constitutions outline criteria for citizenship which can include minimum blood quantum requirements, residency, lineal descendant, or other criteria. [11] Many tribes who formed governments under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 have minimum blood quantum requirements. [11]
A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood or Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood (both abbreviated CDIB) is an official U.S. document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of Native American ancestry of a federally recognized Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, or community. [1]
The story of Dr. Lillie Rosa Minoka-Hill illustrates one of the issues of using blood ancestry to determine tribal membership. When it comes to blood quantum, celebrated Oneida doctor wouldn’t ...
The Navajo Nation has by far the largest land mass of any Native American tribe in the country. The figure surpasses the Cherokee Nation's enrollment of 392,000. The Oklahoma tribe has been ...
Some tribes have a blood quantum requirement for citizenship. Others use other methods, such as lineal descent.While almost two-thirds of all federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States require a certain blood quantum for citizenship, [15] tribal nations are sovereign nations, with a government to government relationship with the United States, and set their own enrollment criteria.
Blood quantum is a system of measuring Native American ancestry based on the ancestry of an individual's parents, such that, for example, a child who is the offspring of a father with a Native American blood quantum level of one-fourth and a mother whose level is one-half would have a blood quantum level of three-eighths. [10]