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Z scale is one of the smallest commercially available model railway scales (1:220), with a track gauge of 6.5 mm / 0.256 in.Introduced by Märklin in 1972, Z scale trains operate on 0–10 volts DC and offer the same operating characteristics as all other two-rail, direct-current, analog model railways.
NEM gauges are arranged conveniently to use the normal gauge of smaller scales as narrow gauges for a certain scale. For instance, H0m gauge is the same as the TT-scale normal gauge, H0e same as the N-scale normal gauge and H0i same as the Z-scale normal gauge.
In educational statistics, a normal curve equivalent (NCE), developed for the United States Department of Education by the RMC Research Corporation, [1] is a way of normalizing scores received on a test into a 0-100 scale similar to a percentile rank, but preserving the valuable equal-interval properties of a z-score.
Z tables use at least three different conventions: Cumulative from mean gives a probability that a statistic is between 0 (mean) and Z. Example: Prob(0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.69) = 0.2549. Cumulative gives a probability that a statistic is less than Z. This equates to the area of the distribution below Z. Example: Prob(Z ≤ 0.69) = 0.7549. Complementary ...
[8] [9] This scale is also used to depict 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow-gauge railways (using N scale 9 mm / 0.354 in gauge track and known as NZ120) of New Zealand. N scale: 1:148: 9 mm As with 1:160 N scale below, the name is derived from its Nine millimeter track gauge, but the scale is a slightly larger at 2.0625 mm = 1 foot (1:147.78 ...
Comparison of the various grading methods in a normal distribution, including: standard deviations, cumulative percentages, percentile equivalents, z-scores, T-scores. In statistics, the standard score is the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point) is above or below the mean value of what is being observed or measured.
Difference between Z-test and t-test: Z-test is used when sample size is large (n>50), or the population variance is known. t-test is used when sample size is small (n<50) and population variance is unknown. There is no universal constant at which the sample size is generally considered large enough to justify use of the plug-in test.
Thus the scale and approximate prototype gauge are represented, with the model gauge used (9 mm for H0e gauge; 6.5 mm for H0f gauge) being implied. [2] The scales used include the general European modelling range of Z, N, TT, H0, 0 and also the large model engineering gauges of I to X, including 3 + 1 ⁄ 2, 5, 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 and 10 + 1 ⁄ 4-inch ...