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The real absolute value function is an example of a continuous function that achieves a global minimum where the derivative does not exist. The subdifferential of | x | at x = 0 is the interval [−1, 1]. [14] The complex absolute value function is continuous everywhere but complex differentiable nowhere because it violates the Cauchy–Riemann ...
The standard absolute value on the integers. The standard absolute value on the complex numbers.; The p-adic absolute value on the rational numbers.; If R is the field of rational functions over a field F and () is a fixed irreducible polynomial over F, then the following defines an absolute value on R: for () in R define | | to be , where () = () and ((), ()) = = ((), ()).
Bennett's inequality, an upper bound on the probability that the sum of independent random variables deviates from its expected value by more than any specified amount Bhatia–Davis inequality , an upper bound on the variance of any bounded probability distribution
The feasible regions of linear programming are defined by a set of inequalities. In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. [1] It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size.
The first of these quadratic inequalities requires r to range in the region beyond the value of the positive root of the quadratic equation r 2 + r − 1 = 0, i.e. r > φ − 1 where φ is the golden ratio. The second quadratic inequality requires r to range between 0 and the positive root of the quadratic equation r 2 − r − 1 = 0, i.e. 0 ...
where , is the inner product.Examples of inner products include the real and complex dot product; see the examples in inner product.Every inner product gives rise to a Euclidean norm, called the canonical or induced norm, where the norm of a vector is denoted and defined by ‖ ‖:= , , where , is always a non-negative real number (even if the inner product is complex-valued).
The real numbers form a metric space: the distance between x and y is defined as the absolute value |x − y|. By virtue of being a totally ordered set, they also carry an order topology ; the topology arising from the metric and the one arising from the order are identical, but yield different presentations for the topology—in the order ...
In mathematics the estimation lemma, also known as the ML inequality, gives an upper bound for a contour integral. If f is a complex -valued, continuous function on the contour Γ and if its absolute value | f ( z ) | is bounded by a constant M for all z on Γ , then