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For example, a normal 8 × 8 square will always equate to 260 for each row, column, or diagonal. The normal magic constant of order n is n 3 + n / 2 . The largest magic constant of normal magic square which is also a: triangular number is 15 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 16y + 16, where y is divisible by 4); square number ...
The number zero for n = 6 is an example of a more general phenomenon: associative magic squares do not exist for values of n that are singly even (equal to 2 modulo 4). [3] Every associative magic square of even order forms a singular matrix , but associative magic squares of odd order can be singular or nonsingular.
The 3×3 magic square in different orientations forming a non-normal 6×6 magic square, from an unidentified 19th century Indian manuscript. The 3×3 magic square first appears in India in Gargasamhita by Garga, who recommends its use to pacify the nine planets (navagraha). The oldest version of this text dates from 100 CE, but the passage on ...
Since each 2 × 2 subsquare sums to the magic constant, 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares are most-perfect magic squares. In addition, the two numbers at the opposite corners of any 3 × 3 square add up to half the magic constant. Consequently, all 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares that are associative must have duplicate cells.
A semimagic square is an n × n square with the numbers 1 to n 2 in its cells, in which the sum of each row and column is the same. A semimagic square is equivalent to a magic labelling of the complete bipartite graph K n,n. The two vertex sets of K n,n correspond to the rows and the columns of the square, respectively, and the label on an edge ...
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous ... Square root of 2, Pythagoras constant [4] ... 1, 1, 1, 2 2, 3 2, 13 2, 129 2 ...
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Despite his deteriorating health, Hendricks continued his work with magic hypercubes, achieving during this time: the first perfect magic tesseract (order 16), in April 1999; the first order 32 perfect magic tesseract; the first inlaid magic tesseract (order 6 with inlaid order 3) in October 1999; and the first bimagic cube (order 25), June 2000.