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For example, a normal 8 × 8 square will always equate to 260 for each row, column, or diagonal. The normal magic constant of order n is n 3 + n / 2 . The largest magic constant of normal magic square which is also a: triangular number is 15 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 16y + 16, where y is divisible by 4); square number ...
The 3×3 magic square in different orientations forming a non-normal 6×6 magic square, from an unidentified 19th century Indian manuscript. The 3×3 magic square first appears in India in Gargasamhita by Garga, who recommends its use to pacify the nine planets (navagraha). The oldest version of this text dates from 100 CE, but the passage on ...
The number zero for n = 6 is an example of a more general phenomenon: associative magic squares do not exist for values of n that are singly even (equal to 2 modulo 4). [3] Every associative magic square of even order forms a singular matrix, but associative magic squares of odd order can be singular or nonsingular. [4]
6.28318 53071 79586 47692 [3] [OEIS 2] Ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius. Equal to : 1900 to 1600 BCE [2] Square root of 2, Pythagoras constant [4] 1.41421 35623 73095 04880 [Mw 2] [OEIS 3] Positive root of = 1800 to 1600 BCE [5] Square root of 3, Theodorus' constant [6]
So, in an n × n magic square using the numbers from 1 to n 2, a magic series is a set of n distinct numbers adding up to n(n 2 + 1)/2. For n = 2, there are just two magic series, 1+4 and 2+3. The eight magic series when n = 3 all appear in the rows, columns and diagonals of a 3 × 3 magic square. Maurice Kraitchik gave the number of magic ...
A semimagic square is an n × n square with the numbers 1 to n 2 in its cells, in which the sum of each row and column is the same. A semimagic square is equivalent to a magic labelling of the complete bipartite graph K n,n. The two vertex sets of K n,n correspond to the rows and the columns of the square, respectively, and the label on an edge ...
The first 4-magic square was constructed by Charles Devimeux in 1983 and was a 256-order square. A 4-magic square of order 512 was constructed in May 2001 by André Viricel and Christian Boyer. [1] The first 5-magic square, of order 1024 arrived about one month later, in June 2001 again by Viricel and Boyer. They also presented a smaller 4 ...
For each square, cells with the same colour (excluding grey) sum to the magic constant. Note *: The second requirement of most-perfect magic squares imply that any 2 cells that are 2 cells diagonally apart (including wraparound) sum to half the magic constant, hence any 2 such pairs also sum to the magic constant. Width: 100%: Height: 100%