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Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". [1] Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation ...
A year after Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, the American engineer Wolfram Fuchs gave what was probably the first radiation protection advice, but many early users of X-rays were initially unaware of the hazards and protection was rudimentary or non-existent. [11] The dangers of radioactivity and radiation were not immediately recognized.
Characteristic X-ray. Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer- shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. Characteristic X-rays were discovered by Charles Glover Barkla in 1909, [1] who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1917.
Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube (Crookes tube), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown. [1] The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living ...
Died. 1929 (aged 76-77) Nationality. American. Occupation (s) Scientist, inventor, dentist. William Herbert Rollins (June 19, 1852 - 1929) was an American scientist, inventor, and dentist. He was a pioneer in radiation protection. Many of his inventions and investigations in medical radiography and photography have been ranked in importance ...
Dose area product (DAP) is a quantity used in assessing the radiation risk from diagnostic X-ray radiography examinations and interventional procedures, like angiography.It is defined as the absorbed dose multiplied by the area irradiated, expressed in gray-centimetres squared (Gy·cm 2 [1] – sometimes the prefixed units dGy·cm 2, mGy·cm 2 or cGy·cm 2 are also used). [2]
X-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated or decelerated. (This is why young children are warned to keep their distance from old televisions). Tungsten is a good source for producing this kind of radiation due to its high atomic number and high melting point. The high-energy electrons formed in the cathode side of an X-ray tube can ...
Orthovoltage X-rays are produced by X-ray tubes operating at voltages in the 100–500 kV range, and therefore the X-rays have a peak energy in the 100–500 keV range. [1] Orthovoltage X-rays are sometimes termed "deep" X-rays (DXR). [2] They cover the upper limit of energies used for diagnostic radiography, and are used in external beam ...