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In his book Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942), Schumpeter emphasised that "political democracy was thoroughly compatible with socialism in its fullest sense", [12] [13] although it has been noted that he did not believe that democracy was a good political system and advocated republican values. [14]
One of the foremost scholars who have argued that socialism and democracy are compatible is the Austrian-born American economist Joseph Schumpeter, who was hostile to socialism. [204] In his book Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942), Schumpeter emphasised that "political democracy was thoroughly compatible with socialism in its fullest ...
From 2007 to 2009, Hu Jintao promoted intra-party party democracy (dangnei minzhu, 党内民主) in an effort to decrease the party's focus on top-down decision-making. [37]: 18 The core socialist values campaign introduced during the 18th National Congress in 2012 [38] promotes democracy as one of its four national values.
Social democracy can be divided into classical and modern strands. Classical social democracy attempts to achieve socialism through gradual, parliamentary means and by introducing it from within democracy rather than through revolutionary means. The term social democracy can refer to the particular kind of society that social democrats advocate.
One issue is that social democracy is equated with wealthy countries in the Western world, especially in Northern and Western Europe, while democratic socialism is conflated either with the pink tide in Latin America, especially with Venezuela, [162] or with communism in the form of Marxist–Leninist socialism as practised in the Soviet Union ...
Tage Erlander was the leader of the Social Democratic Party and led the government from 1946 until 1969, an uninterrupted tenure of twenty-three years, one of the longest in any democracy. From 1945 until 1962, the Norwegian Labour Party held an absolute majority in the parliament led by Einar Gerhardsen , who served Prime Minister for ...
The Soviet Textbook A Dictionary of Scientific Communism defined people's democracy as follows: People's Democracy, a form of the dictatorship of the proletariat established in several European and Asian countries as a result of popular-democratic revolutions in the 1940s which developed into socialist revolutions.
Following the Revolutions of 1989, the people's republics of Central and Eastern Europe (namely Albania, [45] Bulgaria, [46] Hungary, [47] and Poland [48]), as well as Mongolia, [49] dropped the term people's from their names due to the term's association with their former communist governments, and became known simply as republics, adopting ...