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Large truck tires 0.0055 [23] Typical BMX bicycle tires used for solar cars 0.0065 [30] EU passenger car tyre label fuel efficiency class A (upper limit) 0.0062 to 0.0150 [31] Car tire measurements 0.0100 to 0.0150 [32] Ordinary car tires on concrete 0.0385 to 0.0730 [33] Stage coach (19th century) on dirt road. Soft snow on road for worst case ...
Edmund Rumpler's 1921 Tropfenwagen was the first series-produced aerodynamically designed automobile, before the Chrysler Airflow and the Tatra 77.. The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design as it pertains to aerodynamics.
Rolling resistance is the main key factor in measuring the energy efficiency of a tyre and has direct influence on the fuel consumption of a vehicle. A set of tyres of the green class "A" compared to a "G" class can reduce fuel consumption by 9% [3] of a passenger car; even more for trucks.
FMVSS No. 129: [33] New non-pneumatic tires for passenger cars- new temporary spare non-pneumatic tires for use on passenger cars; FMVSS No. 131: [34] School bus pedestrian safety devices; FMVSS No. 135: [35] Light vehicle brake systems; FMVSS No. 136: [36] Electronic stability control systems on heavy vehicles; FMVSS No. 138: [37] Tire ...
Low rolling resistance tires are designed to reduce the energy loss as a tire rolls, decreasing the required rolling effort — and in the case of automotive applications, improving vehicle fuel efficiency as approximately 5–15% of the fuel consumed by a typical gas car may be used to overcome rolling resistance. [1]
Automotive aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles. Its main goals are reducing drag and wind noise, minimizing noise emission, and preventing undesired lift forces and other causes of aerodynamic instability at high speeds.
Tractive effort can be theoretically calculated from a locomotive's mechanical characteristics (e.g., steam pressure, weight, etc.), or by actual testing with strain sensors on the drawbar and a dynamometer car. Power at rail is a railway term for the available power for traction, that is, the power that is available to propel the train.
Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.