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  2. Bolting (horticulture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolting_(horticulture)

    In horticulture, bolting is the production of a flowering stem (or stems) on agricultural and horticultural crops before the harvesting of a crop, at a stage when a plant makes a natural attempt to produce seeds [1] and to reproduce. The flowering stems are usually vigorous extensions of existing leaf-bearing stems; to produce them, a plant ...

  3. Seed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed

    The formation of the seed is the defining part of the process of reproduction in seed plants (spermatophytes). Other plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts, do not have seeds and use water-dependent means to propagate themselves. Seed plants now dominate biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates.

  4. Plant breeding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_breeding

    Plant breeding started with sedentary agriculture and particularly the domestication of the first agricultural plants, a practice which is estimated to date back 9,000 to 11,000 years. [9] Initially early farmers simply selected food plants with particular desirable characteristics, and employed these as progenitors for subsequent generations ...

  5. Germination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germination

    The stages of germination of a pea plant: A. seed coat, B. radicle, C. primary root, D. secondary root, E. cotyledon, F. plumule, G. leaf, H. tap root. The part of the plant that first emerges from the seed is the embryonic root, termed the radicle or primary root. It allows the seedling to become anchored in the ground and start absorbing water.

  6. Antimicrobial resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial_resistance

    Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) can facilitate a precision medicine approach to treatment by helping clinicians to prescribe more effective and targeted antimicrobial therapy. [215] At the same time with traditional phenotypic AST it can take 12 to 48 hours to obtain a result due to the time taken for organisms to grow on/in culture ...

  7. Three Sisters (agriculture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)

    The maize and beans are often planted together in mounds formed by hilling soil around the base of the plants each year; squash is typically planted between the mounds. [4] In the northeastern U.S., this practice increases soil temperature in the mound and improves drainage, both of which benefit maize planted in spring. [4]

  8. Aspartate transaminase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase

    Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.1) that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954.

  9. Cutting (plant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_(plant)

    A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation. A piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil. If the conditions are suitable, the plant piece will begin to grow as a new plant independent of the parent, a process known as striking.