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The main difference between Spanish and Portuguese is in the interpretation of the concept of state versus essence and in the generalizations one way or another that are made in certain constructions. For instance, Está prohibido fumar. (Spanish) [estar] É proibido fumar. (Portuguese) [ser] 'Smoking is forbidden.' La silla está hecha de madera.
The Portuguese copulas are ser and estar. As in Spanish, estar derived from Latin sto / stare: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed both from svm and sedeo. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination of these two Latin verbs: most tenses derive from svm and a few from sedeo. E.g. derivation from sedeo: [1] sedere → seer ...
Those whose infinitive ends in -ir belong to the third conjugation (e.g. partir, destruir, urdir); The verb pôr is conventionally placed in the second conjugation by many authors, since it is derived from Old Portuguese poer (Latin ponere). In any event, this is an irregular verb whose conjugation must be
Because of the complexities in Romance conjugation, certain languages have a separate article regarding these conjugations: Italian conjugation; Spanish verbs; Portuguese verb conjugation; Romanian verbs; French conjugation; Catalan verbs; Occitan conjugation; Sardinian conjugation
Portuguese is generally an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
In English, the sentence "The boy is boring" uses a different adjective than "The boy is bored". In Spanish, the difference is made by the choice of ser or estar. El chico es aburrido uses ser to express a permanent trait ("The boy is boring"). El chico está aburrido uses estar to express a temporary state of mind ("The boy is bored").
3 Haver, ter, ser, etc. 4 comments. 4 Vowel Alternation in Portuguese. 5 Second Person Singular and Plural Forms. 5 comments. 6 Present participle. 2 comments.