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Two different models of the process of creation existed in ancient Israel. [15] In the "logos" (speech) model, God speaks and shapes unresisting dormant matter into effective existence and order (Psalm 33: "By the word of YHWH the heavens were made, and by the breath of his mouth all their hosts; he gathers up the waters like a mound, stores the Deep in vaults"); in the second, or "agon ...
The rabbis viewed the heavens to be a solid object spread over the Earth, which was described with the biblical Hebrew word for the firmament, raki’a. Two images were used to describe it: either as a dome, or as a tent; the latter inspired from biblical references, though the latter is without an evident precedent. [38]
In Greek antiquity the ideas of celestial spheres and rings first appeared in the cosmology of Anaximander in the early 6th century BC. [7] In his cosmology both the Sun and Moon are circular open vents in tubular rings of fire enclosed in tubes of condensed air; these rings constitute the rims of rotating chariot-like wheels pivoting on the Earth at their centre.
Hebrew astronomy refers to any astronomy written in Hebrew or by Hebrew speakers, or translated into Hebrew, or written by Jews in Judeo-Arabic.It includes a range of genres from the earliest astronomy and cosmology contained in the Bible, mainly the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible or "Old Testament"), to Jewish religious works like the Talmud and very technical works.
The concept of a seven-tiered was likely In the Sumerian language, the words for heavens (or sky) and Earth are An and Ki. [5] The ancient Mesopotamians regarded the sky as a series of domes, usually three, but sometimes seven, covering the flat Earth. [6]: 180 Each dome was made of a different kind of precious stone.
A traditional depiction of the chariot vision, based on the description in Ezekiel, with an opan on the left side. The ophanim (Hebrew: אוֹפַנִּים ʼōp̄annīm, ' wheels '; singular: אוֹפָן ʼōp̄ān), alternatively spelled auphanim or ofanim, and also called galgalim (Hebrew: גַּלְגַּלִּים galgallīm, ' spheres, wheels, whirlwinds '; singular: גַּלְגַּל ...
The early church fathers, many of whom were taught directly by the Apostles, spoke of three heavens.In the common parlance of the time, the atmosphere where birds fly was considered the first heaven, the space where the stars resided was regarded as the second heaven, and God's abode was deemed the third heaven.
Early Jewish apocalyptic literature represents the beginning of a systematic or scientific curiosity about the origins and structure of the cosmos. [1] The earliest Jewish writings to discuss cosmology outside of the Bible is the Astronomical Book (earlier) and the Book of the Watchers, both of which have been compiled into the Book of Enoch.