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The repatriation of the Cossacks or betrayal of the Cossacks [1] occurred when Cossacks (ethnic Russians and Ukrainians) who were opposed to the Soviet Union and fought for Nazi Germany, were handed over by British and American forces to the Soviet Union after the conclusion of World War II.
Refoulement, the forced repatriation of people in danger of persecution, is a human rights violation and breach of international law. [1] Thus Operation Keelhaul would have been called a war crime under modern international humanitarian law , especially in regards to the many civilians forced into Soviet work camps , many of whom had never been ...
Throughout the 1920s, thousands of exiled Cossacks voluntarily returned to Russia through repatriation efforts sponsored by France, the League of Nations, and even the Soviet Union. [113] The Cossacks who remained abroad settled primarily in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, France, Xinjiang, and Manchuria. Some managed to create farming ...
First edition (publ. Century Hutchinson) The Minister and the Massacres (1986) is a history written by Nikolai Tolstoy about the 1945 repatriations of Croatian soldiers and civilians and Cossacks, who had crossed into Austria seeking refuge from the Red Army and Partisans who had taken control in Yugoslavia.
Many of the Russian Cossacks on Don were subjected to the Decossackization in 1919–1921, during the Soviet famine of 1932–33 and because of the repatriation of Cossacks after the Second World War by the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union, resulting in the eventual disappearance of the Don Cossacks' movement of resistance to the Soviet Union.
Naumenko settled in New York, where he published a two-volume book in 1962 and 1970 about the Repatriation of Cossacks entitled Velikoe Predatelstvo (The Great Betrayal). [23] He was greatly embittered against Britain for the 1945 repatriation, and the matter was something of an obsession for him. [2]
The Cossacks had a democratic society [47] where the most important decisions were made during a Common Assembly (Казачий Круг). The assembly elected temporary authorities — atamans. Don Cossacks were skilled horsemen and experienced warriors, due to their long conflict with the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire. They sold ...
The XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps [a] was a World War II cavalry corps of the Waffen-SS, the armed wing of the German Nazi Party, primarily recruited from Cossacks.It was originally known as the XIV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps from September 1944, after Helmuth von Pannwitz's 1st Cossack Cavalry Division of the Wehrmacht was transferred to the SS, before being renumbered as XV in February 1945.