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The talus (/ ˈ t eɪ l ə s /; Latin for ankle [1] or ankle bone; [2] pl.: tali), talus bone, astragalus (/ ə ˈ s t r æ ɡ ə l ə s /), or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint. It transmits the entire weight of the body from the lower legs to the foot. [3]
The talus bone or ankle bone is connected superiorly to the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula, to form the ankle joint or talocrural joint; inferiorly, at the subtalar joint, to the calcaneus or heel bone. Together, the talus and calcaneus form the hindfoot. [1]
The main ligament of the joint is the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, a thick, strong band of two partially joined fibers that bind the talus and calcaneus. It runs through the sinus tarsi, a canal between the articulations of the two bones. There are four additional ligaments that form weaker connections between the talus and calcaneus.
In humans, the calcaneus is the largest of the tarsal bones and the largest bone of the foot. Its long axis is pointed forwards and laterally. [2] The talus bone, calcaneus, and navicular bone are considered the proximal row of tarsal bones. [3] In the calcaneus, several important structures can be distinguished: [3]
The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the talus and calcaneus.. It is a portion of the united capsules of the talocalcaneonavicular and the talocalcaneal joints, and consists of two partially united layers of fibers, one belonging to the former and the other to the latter joint.
As its shape suggests, this joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint. [1] It is composed of three articular surfaces: The articulation between the medial talar articular surface on the sustentaculum tali of the superior calcaneus and the corresponding medial facet found inferiorly on the talus neck [2]
The anatomy and shape of a person's longitudinal and transverse arch can dictate the types of injuries to which that person is susceptible. The height of a person's arch is determined by the height of the navicular bone. Collapse of the longitudinal arches results in what is known as flat feet. [5]
tibionavicular pass forward to be inserted into the tuberosity of the navicular bone, and immediately behind this they blend with the medial margin of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; tibiocalcaneal descend almost perpendicularly to be inserted into the whole length of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus;