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Peppered moth insularia on the bark of a lichen-covered birch. By the time of Kettlewell, it was known in England that there were three varieties of peppered moth. The normal, typica, is whitish-grey in colour with dark speckles on the wings. The colour was a perfect camouflage on light-coloured trees covered with lichens.
The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of directional colour change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism .
The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a temperate species of night-flying moth. [1] It is mostly found in the northern hemisphere in places like Asia, Europe and North America. Peppered moth evolution is an example of population genetics and natural selection. [2] The caterpillars of the peppered moth not only mimic the form but also the ...
Melanism in Action. Melanism: Evolution in Action (ISBN 0-19-854982-2) is a book by Dr. Mike Majerus, published in 1998.It is an update of Bernard Kettlewell's book The Evolution of Melanism.
The Peppered Moth: Decline of a Darwinian Disciple, a transcript of his lecture delivered to the British Humanist Association on Darwin Day 2004. The Peppered Moth: The Proof of Darwinian Evolution , a transcript of his lecture given at the European Society for Evolutionary Biology meeting on 23 August 2007.
Directional selection can be observed in finch beak size, peppered moth color, African cichlid mouth types, and sockeye salmon migration periods. If there is continuous allele frequency change as a result of directional selection generation from generation, there will be observable changes in the phenotypes of the entire population over time.
The closest relative to B. strataria is the peppered moth (Biston betularia), which also has two forms. The proportion of melanics is higher in B. betularia compared to B. strataria . This is unusual since, between the two species, it is B. strataria that should have a greater evolutionary selection for the prevalence of melanic individuals due ...
He has a particular research interest in the peppered moth, [1] [2] and published a book, Observing Evolution: Peppered Moths and the Discovery of Parallel Melanism [3] in 2021. Grant has a B.S. in Biology from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania in 1964, an M.S. in Genetics from North Carolina State University , Raleigh in 1966 and a Ph.D ...