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In their later 2009 paper, "The Strong Free Will Theorem", [2] Conway and Kochen replace the Fin axiom by a weaker one called Min, thereby strengthening the theorem. The Min axiom asserts only that two experimenters separated in a space-like way can make choices of measurements independently of each other.
Nielsen–Schreier theorem (free groups) Orbit-stabilizer theorem (group theory) Schreier refinement theorem (group theory) Schur's lemma (representation theory) Schur–Zassenhaus theorem (group theory) Sela's theorem (hyperbolic groups) Stallings theorem about ends of groups (group theory) Superrigidity theorem (algebraic groups)
This is a list of axioms as that term is understood in mathematics. In epistemology , the word axiom is understood differently; see axiom and self-evidence . Individual axioms are almost always part of a larger axiomatic system .
The Penrose singularity theorem is a theorem in semi-Riemannian geometry and its general relativistic interpretation predicts a gravitational singularity in black hole formation. The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation.
There are many areas of mathematics, which include number theory (the study of numbers), algebra (the study of formulas and related structures), geometry (the study of shapes and spaces that contain them), analysis (the study of continuous changes), and set theory (presently used as a foundation for all mathematics).
Many mathematicians then attempted to construct elementary proofs of the theorem, without success. G. H. Hardy expressed strong reservations; he considered that the essential "depth" of the result ruled out elementary proofs: No elementary proof of the prime number theorem is known, and one may ask whether it is reasonable to expect one.
The special case where S is the set of all first-order sentences in a given signature is weaker, equivalent to the Boolean prime ideal theorem; see the section "Weaker forms" below. Lowenheim-Skolem theorem : If first-order theory has infinite model, then it has infinite model of every possible cardinality greater than cardinality of language ...
Composite formulas (all formulas besides atoms) are called molecules, [49] or molecular sentences. [34] (This is an imperfect analogy with chemistry, since a chemical molecule may sometimes have only one atom, as in monatomic gases.) [49]