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For many years, the gold standard treatment for patients with aortic valve disease and aortic root aneurysms was to replace both the aortic valve and the ascending aorta with a composite graft. This also applies to patients with different levels of AI and annuloaortic ectasia, where the aortic valve may be largely preserved without any ...
Coronary artery ectasia is a rare disease that occurs in only 0.3-4.9% of people in North America. Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by the enlargement of a coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter. [ 1 ]
An aortic aneurysm is an enlargement (dilatation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. [1] Typically, there are no symptoms except when the aneurysm dissects or ruptures, which causes sudden, severe pain in the abdomen and lower back. [2] [3] The etiology remains an area of active research.
The thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the aortic arch . It is located within the posterior mediastinal cavity, but frequently bulges into the left pleural cavity .
Coming out of the heart, the thoracic aorta has a maximum diameter of 40 mm at the root. By the time it becomes the ascending aorta, the diameter should be < 35–38 mm, and 30 mm at the arch. The diameter of the descending aorta should not exceed 25 mm. [8] [9] The arch of the aorta lies within the mediastinum.
Aorta segments, with thoracic aorta in area marked in green. Thoracic aortic aneurysm is defined as a cross-sectional diameter exceeding the following cutoff: 4.5 cm in the United States [7] 4.0 cm in South Korea [8] A diameter of 3.5 cm is generally considered dilated. [7]
A thoracic aorta diameter greater than 3.5 cm is generally considered dilated, whereas a diameter greater than 4.5 cm is generally considered to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [4] Still, the average diameter in the population varies by for example age and sex.
Aortic unfolding is an abnormality visible on a chest X-ray, that shows widening of the mediastinum which may mimic the appearance of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [ 1 ] With aging, the ascending portion of the thoracic aorta increases in length by approximately 12% per decade, whereas the diameter increases by just 3% per decade.