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Ndt80 is a meiosis-specific transcription factor required for successful completion of meiosis and spore formation. [17] The protein recognizes and binds to the middle sporulation element (MSE) 5'-C[AG]CAAA[AT]-3' in the promoter region of stage-specific genes that are required for progression through meiosis and sporulation.
The flow across the cells is determined based on μ(k) and λ(k), two monotonic functions that uniquely define the fundamental diagram as shown in Figure 1. The density of the cells is updated based on the conservation of inflows and outflows. Thus, the flow and density are derived as: Where: and represent density and flow in cell i at time t.
Three types of cell division: binary fission (taking place in prokaryotes), mitosis and meiosis (taking place in eukaryotes).. When cells are ready to divide, because cell size is big enough or because they receive the appropriate stimulus, [20] they activate the mechanism to enter into the cell cycle, and they duplicate most organelles during S (synthesis) phase, including their centrosome.
Maturation-promoting factor (abbreviated MPF, also called mitosis-promoting factor or M-Phase-promoting factor) is the cyclin–Cdk complex that was discovered first in frog eggs. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It stimulates the mitotic and meiotic phases of the cell cycle .
The membrane is a homogeneous substance; The electrical field is constant so that the transmembrane potential varies linearly across the membrane; The ions access the membrane instantaneously from the intra- and extracellular solutions; The permeant ions do not interact; The movement of ions is affected by both concentration and voltage differences
S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) is varying Cdk/cyclin complexes in eukaryotes that initiates the S-phase in the cell cycle. [1] SPF is at its peak when the cell cycle is transiting from G1 phase to the S-phase. [1] The SPF is at its lowest during the cell cycle once the cyclin subunits are used up, and broken down. [1]
In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA replication occurs) and is followed by telophase and cytokinesis; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.
Staverman's reflection coefficient, σ, is a unitless constant that is specific to the permeability of a membrane to a given solute. [4] The Starling equation, written without σ, describes the flow of a solvent across a membrane that is impermeable to the solutes contained within the solution. [5]