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A diuretic (/ ˌ d aɪ j ʊ ˈ r ɛ t ɪ k /) is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. A diuretic tablet is sometimes colloquially called a water tablet. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, through the kidneys ...
Forced alkaline diuresis has been used to increase the excretion of acidic drugs like salicylates and phenobarbitone, and is recommended for rhabdomyolysis. [medical citation needed] For forced acid diuresis, ascorbic acid is sometimes used. Ammonium chloride has also been used for forced acid diuresis, but it is a toxic compound. [6]
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells and many other tissues that catalyses the following reaction: [26] H 2 CO 3 ⇌ H 2 O + CO 2. hence lowering blood pH, by means of the following reaction that carbonic acid undergoes: [27] H 2 CO 3 ⇌ HCO 3 − + H + which has a pK a of 6.3. [27] The mechanism of diuresis involves the ...
The prototypical osmotic diuretic is mannitol. [5] Mannitol lowers the intra cranial pressure through two effects in the brain. The first, rheological effect, reduces blood viscosity, and promotes plasma expansion and cerebral oxygen delivery. In response, cerebral vasoconstriction occurs due to autoregulation, and cerebral blood volume is ...
Loop diuretics usually have a ceiling effect whereby doses greater than a certain maximum amount will not increase the clinical effect of the drug. Also, there is a threshold minimum concentration of loop diuretics that needs to be achieved at the thick ascending limb to enable the onset of abrupt diuresis. [10]
Structural formula of the potassium-sparing diuretics. Click to enlarge. Potassium-sparing diuretics or antikaliuretics [1] refer to drugs that cause diuresis without causing potassium loss in the urine. [2] They are typically used as an adjunct in management of hypertension, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure. [3]
Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug [1] used to treat high blood pressure, swelling (such as occurs in heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome), diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis.
Lifestyle changes, including reducing dietary salt, increasing exercise and losing weight can help to reduce blood pressure. [9] Thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics have been in constant use since their introduction in 1958. Decades as a cornerstone of hypertension treatment show how well these drugs perform for most patients. [10]