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The name "satellite DNA" refers to the phenomenon that repetitions of a short DNA sequence tend to produce a different frequency of the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and thus have a different density from bulk DNA such that they form a second or "satellite" band(s) when genomic DNA is separated along a cesium chloride density ...
In most eukaryotes, the centromere's DNA sequence consists of large arrays of repetitive DNA (e.g. satellite DNA) where the sequence within individual repeat elements is similar but not identical. In humans, the primary centromeric repeat unit is called α-satellite (or alphoid), although a number of other sequence types are found in this ...
Centromere protein A, also known as CENPA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene. [5] CENPA is a histone H3 variant which is the critical factor determining the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome [ 6 ] in most eukaryotes including humans.
Centromeres are composed of a 177 base pair tandem repeat named the α-satellite repeat. [16] Pericentromeric heterochromatin, the DNA which surrounds the centromere and is important for structural maintenance, is composed of a mixture of different satellite subfamilies including the α-, β- and γ-satellites as well as HSATII, HSATIII, and ...
Satellite chromosomes or SAT-chromosomes are chromosomes that contain secondary constructs that serve as identification. They are observed in acrocentric chromosomes. In addition to the centromere , one or more secondary constrictions can be observed in some chromosomes at metaphase .
The DNA binding domain recognizes and binds a 17-bp sequence (CENP-B box) in the centromeric alpha satellite DNA. This protein is proposed to play an important role in the assembly of specific centromere structures in interphase nuclei and on mitotic chromosomes.
The deepest layer in the kinetochore is the inner plate, which is organized on a chromatin structure containing nucleosomes presenting a specialized histone (named CENP-A, which substitutes histone H3 in this region), auxiliary proteins, and DNA. DNA organization in the centromere (satellite DNA) is one of the least understood aspects of ...
Alphasatellites are a single-stranded DNA family of satellite viruses that depend on the presence of another virus (helper viruses) to replicate their genomes. As such, they have minimal genomes with very low genomic redundancy. The genome is a single circular single strand DNA molecule. [1]