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Patiromer was generally well tolerated in studies. Side effects that occurred in more than 2% of patients included in clinical trials were mainly gastro-intestinal problems such as constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence, and also hypomagnesemia (low levels of magnesium in the blood) in 5% of patients, because patiromer binds magnesium in the gut as well.
Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [6] [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness ...
However, if hyperkalemia causes any ECG change it is considered a medical emergency [12] due to a risk of potentially fatal abnormal heart rhythms and is treated urgently. [12] Potassium levels greater than 6.5 to 7.0 mmol/L in the absence of ECG changes are managed aggressively. [12] Several approaches are used to treat hyperkalemia. [12]
High blood pressure is caused by the force of blood flow in the arteries being too high. The DASH diet includes heart-healthy foods that lower blood pressure.
AstraZeneca's (AZN) Lokelma secures an FDA approval for the treatment of hyperkalemia in adults.
Insulin is also used along with glucose to treat hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels). [7] Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but some forms may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle. [6] There are various types of insulin, suitable for various time spans.
Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
Salbutamol has been used to treat acute hyperkalemia, as it stimulates potassium flow into cells, thus lowering the potassium in the blood. [9] Two recent studies have suggested that salbutamol reduces the symptoms of newborns and adolescents with myasthenia gravis and transient neonatal myasthenia gravis. [19] [20]