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The Dacians and the Getae frequently interacted with the Romans prior to Dacia's incorporation into the Roman Empire. [1] However, Roman attention on the area around the lower Danube was sharpened when Burebista [ 1 ] (82–44 BC) [ 2 ] unified the native tribes and began an aggressive campaign of expansion.
Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
At the boundaries of Roman Dacia, Carpi (Free Dacians) were still strong enough to sustain five battles in eight years against the Romans from AD 301–308. Roman Dacia was left in AD 275 by the Romans, to the Carpi again, and not to the Goths. There were still Dacians in AD 336, against whom Constantine the Great fought.
The theory of Daco-Roman continuity argues that the Romanians are mainly descended from the Daco-Romans, a people developing through the cohabitation of the native Dacians and the Roman colonists in the province of Dacia Traiana (primarily in present-day Romania) north of the river Danube.
The Dacians repelled the first attack, but the Romans, helped by a treacherous local nobleman, [who?] found and destroyed the water pipes of the Dacian capital. Running out of water and food the city fell and was razed. Decebalus fled, but was followed by the Roman cavalry and committed suicide rather than submit.
From 85 to 89, the Dacians, commanded first by King Duras-Diurpaneus, and from 86 by the new king Decebalus, [21] fought two wars against the Romans. [39] In 85 the Dacians, having gathered a mighty army, crossed the Danube and swept into the Roman province of Moesia, where only one legion was stationed, led by governor Gaius Oppius Sabinus ...
The city was taken after the Romans discovered and destroyed [citation needed] the capital's water supply line. Dacians decorated their bodies with tattoos like the Illyrians [10] and the Thracians. [11] The Pannonians north of the Drava had accepted Roman rule out of fear of the Dacians. [12] Dacia remained a Roman province until 271.
Nevertheless, the war went on with more sieges of Dacian forts and Dacian attacks on Roman camps until the last battle with Dacians took place at Porolissum. Decebalus sought refuge in the north, in the Carpathian mountains an almost inaccessible region, but a Roman column pursued him along the valley of the Marisus river.