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The Istanbul tablet#2461, dating to c. 2000 BCE, describes an annual rite in which the king symbolically married and mated with the goddess Inanna to ensure fertility and prosperity; some have labelled it the world's oldest love poem. [10] [11] An example of Egyptian epic poetry is The Story of Sinuhe (c. 1800 BCE). [12]
Beowulf (/ ˈ b eɪ ə w ʊ l f /; [1] Old English: Bēowulf [ˈbeːowuɫf]) is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature .
The Nowell Codex is the second of two manuscripts comprising the bound volume Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, one of the four major Old English poetic manuscripts. It is most famous as the manuscript containing the unique copy of the epic poem Beowulf.
"Maids in white aprons" could be local market-sellers. [10] St. Margaret's is St Margaret Lothbury. St. Giles' is St Giles Cripplegate. St. Peter's is St Peter upon Cornhill. "Pancakes and fritters" may refer to foods sold nearby, as it was a grain market. "Fleetditch" is St Pancras Old Church, located near the River Fleet.
The Old English poetry which has received the most attention deals with what has been termed the Germanic heroic past. Scholars suggest that Old English heroic poetry was handed down orally from generation to generation. [42] As Christianity began to appear, re-tellers often recast the tales of Christianity into the older heroic stories.
The first page of Beowulf. The earliest known English poem is a hymn on the creation; Bede attributes this to Cædmon (fl. 658–680), who was, according to legend, an illiterate herdsman who produced extemporaneous poetry at a monastery at Whitby.
[citation needed] The Exeter Book is the largest and perhaps oldest [3] [4] known manuscript of Old English literature, [2] [5] [6] [7] containing about a sixth of the Old English poetry that has survived. [2] [8] In 2016 UNESCO recognized the book as "the foundation volume of English literature, one of the world's principal cultural artefacts ...
Only one early manuscript of Y Gododdin is known, the Book of Aneirin, thought to date from the second half of the 13th century.The currently accepted view is that this manuscript contains the work of two scribes, usually known as A and B. Scribe A wrote down 88 stanzas of the poem, [a] then left a blank page before writing down four related poems known as Gorchanau.