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Difficulty level of the items (p), is assumed to be the same for each item, however, in practice, KR-21 can be applied by finding the average item difficulty across the entirety of the test. KR-21 tends to be a more conservative estimate of reliability than KR-20, which in turn is a more conservative estimate than Cronbach's α .
An example of the CPCs for an item with five categories, scored from 0 to 4, is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Rasch category probability curves for an item with five ordered categories. A given threshold partitions the continuum into regions above and below its location. The threshold corresponds with the location on a latent continuum at which ...
An item bank will not only include the text of each item, but also extensive information regarding test development and psychometric characteristics of the items. Examples of such information include: [1] Item author; Date written; Item status (e.g., new, pilot, active, retired) Angoff ratings; Correct answer; Item format; Classical test theory ...
This format is designed to measure the test taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-making") component of Spearman's g (g is often referred to as general intelligence). The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936. [3] In each test item, the subject is asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern.
TAP (Test Analysis Program) is a free Windows program written in Delphi Pascal that performs test and item analyses based on classical test theory. TAP provides reports on examinee total scores, item statistics (e.g., item difficulty, item discrimination, point-biserial), options analyses, and other useful information.
The name item response theory is due to the focus of the theory on the item, as opposed to the test-level focus of classical test theory. Thus IRT models the response of each examinee of a given ability to each item in the test. The term item is generic, covering all kinds of informative items.
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The item-reliability index (IRI) is defined as the product of the point-biserial item-total correlation and the item standard deviation. In classical test theory, the IRI indexes the degree to which an item contributes true score variance to the exam observed score variance. In practice, a negative IRI indicates the relative degree which an ...