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Myrrh is also used to prepare the sacramental chrism used by many churches of both Eastern and Western rites. In the Middle East, the Eastern Orthodox Church traditionally uses oil scented with myrrh (and other fragrances) to perform the sacrament of chrismation , which is commonly referred to as "receiving the Chrism ".
The English word frankincense derives from the Old French expression franc encens, meaning 'true incense', maybe with the sense of 'high quality incense'. [4] [2] The adjective franc in Old French meant 'noble, true', in this case perhaps 'pure'; although franc is ultimately derived from the tribal name of the Franks, it is not a direct reference to them in the word francincense.
Boswellia is a genus of trees in the order Sapindales, known for its fragrant resin. The biblical incense frankincense is an extract from the resin of the tree Boswellia sacra, and is now produced also from B. frereana. [3] Boswellia species are moderate-sized flowering plants, including both trees and shrubs.
Benzoin root is still used today in incense recipes. [98] Also the resin proper is procured near the root of the tree. [99] Resin procured from the tree during the first three years is referred to as head benzoin. That which is obtained during the next 7 or 8 years is known as the belly benzoin.
Sandarac resin was preferred by some photographers for this purpose. [6] Although it is not very strongly aromatic, sandarac resin was and is also used as an incense. The aroma has been compared to balsam. Besides the resin and the varnish, the word sandarac may refer to the tree that produces the resin.
All the compounds identified in benzoin resin were detected in an archaeological organic residue from an Egyptian ceramic censer, thus proving that this resin was used as one of the components of the mixture of organic materials burned as incense in ancient Egypt. [67] Morfit writes that the priests of Memphis burned benzoin incense every ...
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These were used to sweep the shrubs and collect the resin which was later extracted. It was collected by the shepherds and sold to coastal traders. The resin was used as an ingredient for incense, and medicinally to treat colds, coughs, menstrual problems and rheumatism. [5] Labdanum was produced on the banks of the Mediterranean in antiquity.