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The exactness of the two induced sequences follows in a straightforward way from the exactness of the rows of the original diagram. The important statement of the lemma is that a connecting homomorphism d exists which completes the exact sequence. In the case of abelian groups or modules over some ring, the map d can be constructed as follows:
Wherever logic is applied, especially in mathematical discussions, it has the same meaning as above: it is an abbreviation for if and only if, indicating that one statement is both necessary and sufficient for the other. This is an example of mathematical jargon (although, as noted above, if is more often used than iff in statements of definition).
In mathematics, theorems are often stated in the form "P is true if and only if Q is true". Because, as explained in previous section, necessity of one for the other is equivalent to sufficiency of the other for the first one, e.g. P ⇐ Q {\displaystyle P\Leftarrow Q} is equivalent to Q ⇒ P {\displaystyle Q\Rightarrow P} , if P is necessary ...
Venn diagram of (true part in red) In logic and mathematics, the logical biconditional, also known as material biconditional or equivalence or bidirectional implication or biimplication or bientailment, is the logical connective used to conjoin two statements and to form the statement "if and only if" (often abbreviated as "iff " [1]), where is known as the antecedent, and the consequent.
Logical connectives can be used to link zero or more statements, so one can speak about n-ary logical connectives. The boolean constants True and False can be thought of as zero-ary operators. Negation is a unary connective, and so on.
Venn diagram of . In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction.The logical connective of this operator is typically represented as [1] or & or (prefix) or or [2] in which is the most modern and widely used.
Definition 2: If is a propositional connective, and A, B, C, … is a sequence of m, possibly but not necessarily atomic, possibly but not necessarily distinct, formulas, then the result of applying to A, B, C, … is a formula.
An infinite sequence of real numbers (in blue). This sequence is neither increasing, decreasing, convergent, nor Cauchy. It is, however, bounded. In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms).