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English, John Alan. "5. Not an Equilateral Triangle: Canada's Strategic Relationship with the United States and Britain, 1939-1945." in The North Atlantic Triangle in a Changing World (U of Toronto Press, 2019) pp. 147–183. Finlay, John L. ed. Canada in the North Atlantic triangle: two centuries of social change (Oxford UP, 1975) online.
Canada's relationship with Europe is a consequence of the historical connections generated by colonialism and mass European immigration to Canada. Canada was first colonized by Vikings on the shores of Baffin Island , plus those of Newfoundland and Labrador in the Middle Ages .
The history of Canada's relations with the EU is best documented in a series of economic agreements: In 1976, the European Economic Community (EEC) and Canada signed a Framework Agreement on Economic Co-operation, the first formal agreement of its kind between the EEC and an industrialized third country.
The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and nations. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in global affairs with a tendency to pursue multilateral and international solutions.
However, Canada was not established as fully independent, since the United Kingdom retained legislative control over Canada and full control over Canadian foreign policy. Canada did not have any foreign embassies until the first one was established in Washington, D.C., in 1926. Until 1949, changes to the British North America Acts could be made ...
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the war. [4] Britain made several concessions to the United States at the expense of the North American colonies. [5] Notably, the borders between Canada and the United States were officially demarcated; [5] all land south of the Great Lakes, which was formerly a part of the Province of Quebec and included modern-day Michigan, Illinois and Ohio, was ...
The rivalry between England and France in Europe was played out in conflicts in North America, where they struggled for predominance. This was particularly true in Newfoundland, where the English colonial settlements on the eastern coasts were in close proximity to the French claims in Southern Newfoundland, which the French dubbed Plaisance.
Under the Concert of Europe (or "Congress system"), the major European powers—Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and (after 1818) France—pledged to meet regularly to resolve differences. This plan was the first of its kind in European history and seemed to promise a way to collectively manage European affairs and promote peace.