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Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles. [7] [10] [11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. [5] The visual system may be ...
This is known as compartment syndrome which leads to greater death of the surrounding muscle tissue around the injury. [14] As the muscle dies this will cause pain to radiate from the affected area into the compartmentalized tissue. A loss of range of motion from swelling will also be seen in the affected limb. Along with muscle strength ...
If the impact causes the head to move, the injury may be worsened, because the brain may ricochet inside the skull causing additional impacts, or the brain may stay relatively still (due to inertia) but be hit by the moving skull (both are contrecoup injuries). Specific problems after head injury can include [4] [5] [6]
Ischemic brain injury resulting from an insufficient blood supply to the brain, is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after head trauma. [4] Vascular injury usually causes death shortly after an injury. [4] Although it is a diffuse type of brain injury itself, diffuse vascular injury is generally more likely to be caused by ...
Traumatic brain injury may cause a range of serious coincidental complications that include cardiac arrhythmias [117] and neurogenic pulmonary edema. [118] These conditions must be adequately treated and stabilised as part of the core care. Surgery can be performed on mass lesions or to eliminate objects that have penetrated the brain.
Headaches and pain can occur as a result of a brain injury, either directly from the damage or due to neurological conditions stemming from the injury. Due to the changes in the brain as well as the issues associated with the change in physical and mental capacity, depression and low self-esteem are common side effects that can be treated with ...
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases . The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles ; another likely cause is viral infection , especially when there has been no injury .
Also shown are the insular cortex (purple), the brain stem (black), and the cerebellum (blue). The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain. [1] It is a component of the cerebral system, which supports goal directed behavior. [2]