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Annual mean of VI (VI_Mean): estimator of annual primary production, one of the most essential and integrative descriptors of ecosystem functioning. Intra-annual coefficient of variation of VI (VI_sCV): descriptor of seasonality or differences in carbon gains between the growing and non growing seasons.
Area (km 2) Population Notes Flevopolder Netherlands: 970 400,000 The Flevopolder is an island polder forming the bulk of Flevoland, a province of The Netherlands The Flevopolder is the largest artificial island in the world. Caofeidian China: 60 Dongjiang Island China: 33.5 Cargo transfer and wetland reconstruction. [1] [better source needed ...
Culcitium sp. in Páramo de Chiles, Carchi, Ecuador.. Páramo climates differ slightly depending on the specific location. In Colombia and northern Ecuador, air masses from the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) have a substantial effect on the climate, and these regions tend to be consistently humid (approx. 70–85%) [2] throughout the year.
Ecosystem ecology is philosophically and historically rooted in terrestrial ecology. The ecosystem concept has evolved rapidly during the last 100 years with important ideas developed by Frederic Clements, a botanist who argued for specific definitions of ecosystems and that physiological processes were responsible for their development and persistence. [2]
[2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the very bottom, including the sediment surface and some subsurface layers.
Allogenic engineers modify the biophysical environment by mechanically changing living or nonliving materials from one form to another. Beavers are the original model for ecosystem engineers; in the process of clearcutting and damming, beavers alter their ecosystem extensively.
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems.Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment.
Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi 2 (144,150,000 km 2), or 28.26% of Earth's surface. [5] Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species.