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This type of conflict occurs at commodity frontiers, which are constantly being moved and reframed due to society's unsustainable social metabolism. These conflicts might occur between extractive industries and Indigenous populations, or between polluting actors and those living on marginalised land.
The Environmental Justice Atlas documented 3,100 environmental conflicts worldwide as of April 2020 and emphasised that many more conflicts remained undocumented. [1] Gas flaring and oil spills in the Niger Delta contribute to local conflict. Climate activists blockade British Airports Authority's headquarters for day of action.
Atmospheric pollution is a type of slow violence. Slow violence is violence which occurs gradually and is not necessarily visible. Slow violence is incremental and is dynamic across time, [1] [2] in contrast with a conception of general violence as an event or action that is immediate, explosive and spectacular. [3]
Mayak nuclear waste storage tank explosion, (Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union, September 29, 1957), 200+ people died and 270,000 people were exposed to dangerous radiation levels. Over thirty small communities had been removed from Soviet maps between 1958 and 1991. [5] Windscale fire, United Kingdom, October 8, 1957. Fire ignites plutonium piles and ...
Eco-terrorism is an act of violence which is committed in support of environmental causes, against people or property. [1] [2]The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines eco-terrorism as "...the use or threatened use of violence of a criminal nature against innocent victims or their property by an environmentally oriented, subnational group for environmental-political ...
In 2003, the Environmental Justice Foundation reported that in at least 11 countries people had been murdered for opposing shrimp farming and its associated environmental impacts. [ 4 ] According to Global Witness , the number of environmental killings worldwide reached 147 in 2012, and the total number of such murders between 2002 and 2013 ...
Environmental health is also seen as an indicator for the state of the environment, or an early warning system for what may happen to humans; Environmental justice is a movement that began in the U.S. in the 1980s and seeks an end to environmental racism and to prevent low-income and minority communities from an unbalanced exposure to highways ...
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is defined as a catastrophic event regarding the natural environment that is due to human activity. [2] This point distinguishes environmental disasters from other disturbances such as natural disasters and intentional acts of war such as nuclear bombings .