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Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed. Quark matter: Hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons Color-glass condensate
Hadronic matter can refer to 'ordinary' baryonic matter, made from hadrons (baryons and mesons), or quark matter (a generalisation of atomic nuclei), i.e. the 'low' temperature QCD matter. [40] It includes degenerate matter and the result of high energy heavy nuclei collisions.
118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC.A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).
The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but it is possible for a single compound to form different phases that are in the same state of matter. For example, ice is the solid state of water, but there are multiple phases of ice with different crystal structures , which are formed at different pressures and temperatures.
According to QFT the universe is made up of matter fields whose quanta are fermions (e.g. electrons and quarks), force fields whose quanta are bosons (i.e. photons and gluons) and a Higgs field whose quantum is the Higgs boson. The matter and force fields have zero-point energy. [2]
Scientists investigated a new two-dimensional form of matter known as Bose glass, which could help physicists study a concept known as many-body localization.
There are now 118 known elements. In this context, "known" means observed well enough, even from just a few decay products, to have been differentiated from other elements. [9] [10] Most recently, the synthesis of element 118 (since named oganesson) was reported in October 2006, and the synthesis of element 117 was reported in April 2010.
In astronomy, dark matter is an invisible and hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or other electromagnetic radiation.Dark matter is implied by gravitational effects which cannot be explained by general relativity unless more matter is present than can be observed.