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The kafala system or kefala system (Arabic: نظام الكفالة niẓām al-kafāla, lit. ' sponsorship system ' ) is a system in the Middle East that involves binding migrant workers to a specific employer throughout the period of their residence in a country.
The Kafala system is not legally binding in Lebanon because recruiters cannot act as a sponsor. [16] Instead the system is made up of a number for administrative regulations, customary practices and legal requirements which bind the worker to the recruiter temporarily. [17]. Once in Lebanon, the migrant domestic worker is assigned an employer ...
After the abolition of slavery, poor migrant workers were employed under the Kafala system, which have been compared to slavery. [26] The kafala system is practiced in Kuwait. The main legal source for the kafala system in Kuwait is the 1959 Aliens’ Residence Law and its implementing regulations.
At the time, the pearl industry was dominated by slave labor. For most of its history, Qatar practiced slavery until its abolition in 1952. Many members of the Afro-Arabian minority are descendants of the former slaves. Chattel slavery was succeeded by the Kafala system. The kafala system has been abolished in Qatar since December 2016.
According to a 2008 Human Rights Watch report, [80] under the kafala system in Saudi Arabia, "an employer assumes responsibility for a hired migrant worker and must grant explicit permission before the worker can enter Saudi Arabia, transfer employment, or leave the country. The kafala system gives the employer immense control over the worker."
In 1948, the United Nations declared slavery to be a crime against humanity in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (DHR), after which the Anti-Slavery Society pointed out that there were about one million slaves in the Arabian Peninsula, which was a crime against the 1926 Slavery Convention, and demanded that the UN form a committee to ...
The history of slavery in the Muslim world was throughout the history of Islam with slaves serving in various social and economic roles, from powerful emirs to harshly treated manual laborers. Slaves were widely employed in irrigation, mining, and animal husbandry, but most commonly as soldiers, guards, domestic workers, [ 1 ] and concubines ...
Slavery ended earlier in Bahrain than in any other Gulf state, with the exception of Iran and Iraq. Many members of the Afro-Arabian minority are descendants of the former slaves. Slavery of people from Africa and East Asia was succeeded by the modern Kafala system of poor workers from the same region were slaves had previously been imported.