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Arching above a side aisle roof, flying buttresses support the main vault of St. Mary's Church, in Lübeck, Germany.. The flying buttress (arc-boutant, arch buttress) is a specific form of buttress composed of a ramping arch that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards, which are forces that ...
Betty Skelton Frankman Erde (June 28, 1926 – August 31, 2011) was a land speed record holder and aerobatics pilot who set 17 aviation and automobile records. [1] She was known as "The First Lady of Firsts", [2] and helped create opportunities for women in aviation, auto racing, astronautics, and advertising.
Villard de Honnecourt's drawing of a flying buttress at Reims, ca. AD 1320–1335 (Bibliothèque nationale) The Middle Ages of Europe span from the 5th to 15th centuries AD, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and is divided into Pre-Romanesque and Romanesque periods. The downfall of the Roman empire led to a decline ...
Gargoyles of Notre-Dame de Paris Dragon-headed gargoyle of the Tallinn Town Hall, Estonia Gargoyle of the Vasa Chapel at Wawel in Kraków, Poland. In architecture, and specifically Gothic architecture, a gargoyle (/ ˈ ɡ ɑːr ɡ ɔɪ l /) is a carved or formed grotesque [1]: 6–8 with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing it ...
Valerie Hunter Gordon was the granddaughter of domestic electrical pioneer Gertrude de Ferranti and inventor Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, the founder of British electrical engineering firm Ferranti, great-great-granddaughter of Italian classical guitarist and composer Marco Aurelio Zani de Ferranti and the sister of Basil de Ferranti.
Early Gothic architecture was the result of the emergence in the 12th century of a powerful French state centered in the Île-de-France.King Louis VI of France (1081–1137), had succeeded, after a long struggle, in bringing the barons of northern France under his control, and successfully defended his domain against attacks by the English King, Henry I of England (1100–1135).
Marion O'Brien Donovan (October 15, 1917 – November 4, 1998) was an American inventor and entrepreneur.Recognized as one of the era's most prominent female inventors, [1] she secured a total of 20 patents for her creations.
In addition to flying and ordinary buttresses, brick and masonry buttresses that support wall corners can be classified according to their ground plan. A clasping or clamped buttress has an L-shaped ground plan surrounding the corner, an angled buttress has two buttresses meeting at the corner, a setback buttress is similar to an angled buttress but the buttresses are set back from the corner ...