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Football officials are commonly, but incorrectly, referred to collectively as referees, but each position has specific duties and a specific name: Common positions include referee (which is the lead member of the officiating team), umpire, head linesman (or down judge), line judge, field judge (or back umpire), side judge, back judge and center ...
The relative positions of American football officials in a seven-official system: The Referee (R) positions himself behind the offensive team, favoring the right side if the quarterback is a right-handed passer. The Umpire (U) stands behind the defensive line and linebackers. The Head Linesman (H) stands at one end of the line of scrimmage.
English: The relative positions of American and Canadian football officials in a eight-official system: The Referee (R) positions himself behind the offensive team, favoring the right side if the quarterback is a right-handed passer. The Center Judge (C) positions himself behind the offensive team, on the opposite side of the referee.
A diagram showing an I formation on offense and a 4-3 formation on defense In American football , the specific role that a player takes on the field is referred to as their position. Under the modern rules of American football, both teams are allowed 11 players [ 1 ] on the field at one time and have "unlimited free substitutions", meaning that ...
Diagram of the diagonal system of control showing the paths of the Referee (R) and the Assistant Referees (AR) The predominant system of positioning and division of responsibility used by football match officials throughout the world is known as the Diagonal system of control (DSC). The referee has final decision-making authority on all matters.
The referee is assisted by up to six other officials on the field. These officials are commonly referred to as "referees" but each has a title based on position and responsibilities during the game: referee, head linesman ("down judge" in the NFL ), line judge, umpire, back judge, side judge, and field judge.
Diagram of a modern American football field. Diagram of an early 20th century version of an American football field. The rectangular field of play used for American football games measures 100 yards (91.44 m) long between the goal lines, and 160 feet (48.8 m) (53.3 yards) wide. The field may be made of grass or artificial turf. In addition ...
The crew may also consist of a line judge, back judge, field judge and side judge, in the order listed: i.e. a crew of five officials have a referee, umpire, head linesman, line judge, and back judge. Officials are selected by the teams in advance or appointed by the governing league.