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A pair of officials at a Maryland high school football game in September 2008. White knickers used to be worn by officials; black trousers are now standard.. For ease of recognition, officials are usually clad in a black-and-white vertically striped shirt and black trousers with a thin white stripe down the side (this was formerly white knickers with black/white striped stirrup stockings or ...
The referee is assisted by up to six other officials on the field. These officials are commonly referred to as "referees" but each has a title based on position and responsibilities during the game: referee, head linesman ("down judge" in the NFL ), line judge, umpire, back judge, side judge, and field judge.
The relative positions of American football officials in a seven-official system: The Referee (R) positions himself behind the offensive team, favoring the right side if the quarterback is a right-handed passer. The Umpire (U) stands behind the defensive line and linebackers. The Head Linesman (H) stands at one end of the line of scrimmage.
The crew may also consist of a line judge, back judge, field judge and side judge, in the order listed: i.e. a crew of five officials have a referee, umpire, head linesman, line judge, and back judge. Officials are selected by the teams in advance or appointed by the governing league.
Each referee is primarily responsible for a specific area of the field similar to those of the assistant referees in the diagonal system, except that the referees are allowed and encouraged to move away from the touch line into the field, particularly as play approaches the goal lines. Like the assistant referees in the diagonal system, each ...
Field umpire – the field umpire (also known as a central umpire) is responsible controlling general play, and is positioned within the field of play. The field umpire is the only type of umpire permitted to award free kicks or initiate stoppages in play, and he executes ball-ups to restart play. [6] [7] [8]
A blue card is frequently used in indoor football in the United States as a level below a yellow card for offenses such as breaking house safety rules, spitting on the field, committing minor physical fouls, or illegal substitutions, [23] signifying that the offender must leave the field and stay in a penalty box (usually 2–5 minutes), during ...
The Canadian football field is 110 yards (100 m) long and 65 yards (59 m) wide with end zones 20 yards (18 m) deep. At each goal line is a set of 40-foot-high (12 m) goalposts, which consist of two uprights joined by a 18.5-foot-long (5.6 m) crossbar which is 10 feet (3.0 m) above the goal line. The goalposts may be H-shaped (both posts fixed ...