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Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees , [ 2 ] bread palms [ 3 ] or kaffir bread , [ 4 ] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad, is a rare cycad in the genus Encephalartos, and is endemic to the oNgoye Forest of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is one of the rarest plants in the world, being extinct in the wild with all specimens being clones of the type . [ 2 ]
Encephalartos kisambo is an arborescent species, with pachycaulous barrel-shaped trunks, with a stem 1.2-2 m high, erect or sometimes decombent, 45-52 cm in diameter. [4]The pinnate dark green dioecious leaves, arranged like a crown at the apex of the stem, are 240–360 cm long, silvery-green to bluish-green in color, with a 2.5–5 cm long petiole.
Encephalartos longifolius is a low-growing palm-like cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa and is commonly known as Thunberg's cycad , breadpalm or broodboom . [ 2 ] This cycad is listed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Encephalartos transvenosus is a palm-like cycad in the family Zamiaceae, with a localized distribution in Limpopo, South Africa. Its common names, Modjadji's cycad or Modjadji's palm , [ 3 ] allude to the female dynasty of the Lobedu people , the Rain Queens , whose hereditary name is Modjadji.
Encephalartos whitelockii is a large, spectacular, evergreen, arborescent cycad up to 4 metre tall. Each stem is topped with a crown of long, stiff, dark green, glossy fronds which curve gently backwards.
Encephalartos senticosus is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae native to the Lebombo Mountains of Mozambique, Eswatini (Swaziland), and the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Prior to its description in 1996, Encephalartos senticosus had been confused with the closely related and sympatric Encephalartos lebomboensis.
Encephalartos altensteinii is a palm-like cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. The species name altensteinii commemorates Altenstein, a 19th-century German chancellor and patron of science. [4] It is commonly known as the breadtree, broodboom, Eastern Cape giant cycad or uJobane . [5]